1. Hard bop evolved directly from bebop during the 1950’s, mainly among East Coast and Midwest musicians.
2. When hard bop differs from bebop, it is simpler; has more variety in accompaniment patterns; fewer pop tune chord progressions; darker, weightier tone qualities; and more emphasis on hard swinging.
3. Funky jazz is a subcatagory of hard bop. It is characterized by bluesy inflections of pitch and gospel-type harmonies. Several pieces perfromed by the bands of Horace Silver and Cannonball Adderley were popular because of their funky qualities and simple catchy melodies.
4. The most prominent figures in hard bop were drummer-bandleader Art Blakey; pianist-composer Horace Silver; Trumpeters Clifford Brown, Miles Davis, and Freddie Hubbard; alto saxophonist-bandleader Cannonball Adderley; and tenor saxophonists Sonny Rollins and John Coltrane.
5. Miles Davis was a pivotal bandleader in bebop, cool jazz, modal jazz and jazz-rock fusion, His trumpet style is very distinctive in many ways that are widely admired.
6. John Coltrane was the most influential saxophonist in jazz after Charlie Parker. He was also important for several styles of composing.